Here's Why Minerals Technologies (MTX) Is a Defensive Stock According to the Graham Test

Chemicals firm Minerals Technologies is one of the rare companies that fulfills most of Graham’s requirements for a defensive high-quality stock.

At Market Inference, we adhere to Benjamin Graham’s view that precise forecasting of a company’s prospects is highly uncertain. Investing with a wide margin of safety, determined on the basis of the company’s historical track record, offers far greater chances of positive investment results.

Minerals Technologies Trades at Fair Multiples

The “Graham number” is an equation that enables us to quickly determine how a stock is valued in terms of its earnings and assets:

√(22.5 * 6 year average earnings per share (4.35) * 6 year average book value per share (49.979) = $64.25

At today's price of $53.74 per share, Minerals Technologies is now trading -16.4% below price that Graham would recommend paying for the stock.

Some people use the Graham number alone, but it is best to consider it together with the other requirements for defensive stocks that Graham listed in Chapter 14 of The Intelligent Investor.

Impressive Revenues, Consistent Profitability, and a Growing Dividend Imply Value

Minerals Technologies’s average sales revenue over the last 6 years has been $2.84 Billion, so by Graham’s standards the stock has sufficient revenues to make it worthy of investment. When published in 1972, Graham’s threshold was $100 million in average sales, which would be the equivalent of around a half million dollars today.

Ben Graham believed that a margin of safety could be obtained by investing only in companies with consistently positive retained earnings. Retained earnings represent the cumulative net earnings or (deficit) left to equity holders after dividends have been paid out. Minerals Technologies had positive retained earnings from 2009 to 2022 with an average of $1.46 Billion over this period.

Ben Graham would also require a cumulative growth of Earnings Per Share of at least 30% over the last ten years.To determine Minerals Technologies's EPS growth over time, we will average out its EPS for 2008, 2009, and 2010, which were $3.44, $-1.27, and $0.86 respectively. This gives us an average of $1.01 for the period of 2008 to 2010. Next, we compare this value with the average EPS reported in 2020, 2021, and 2022, which were $0.91, $4.86, and $3.73, for an average of $3.17. Now we see that Minerals Technologies's EPS growth was 213.86% during this period, which satisfies Ben Graham's requirement.

Minerals Technologies’s Balance Sheet Meets Graham’s Criteria

It was also essential to Graham that the company’s current assets outweigh its current liabilities, and that its long term debt be inferior to the sum of its net current assets (current assets minus total liabilities). This is the aspect of the analysis that most companies fail, yet Minerals Technologies passes comfortably, with an average current ratio of 2.1, and average debt to net current asset ratio of -1.3.

Conclusion

Graham is best known for the Graham number valuation method, and his net-net strategy of investing in a broad portfolio of companies that trade below their net current asset value. But these approaches are too narrow, and fail to capture the full scope of Graham’s statistical approach to stock picking.

Minerals Technologies offers a rare combination of value, growth, and profitability. So it comes as no surprise that the company isn’t cheap enough to meet Graham’s definition of a net-net, and that it does not trade, on average, far below its Graham number. Rather, Minerals Technologies is an interesting company because it meets Graham’s broader definition of quality.